Asia in the 19 Century
China
The population doubled
from 150 million in 1650 to 300 million by 1800. And in the XIX century reached
to 450 million. While the population was increasing the land was decreasing
because they didn’t have enough space to put the people.
China and Japan were
always having wars between each other because both wanted to have the domain of
Korea.
The first time they
fought, China took the power over Korea, but in 1894 Japan took the power this
time so China was obligated to give it up including the Liaodong Peninsula, although,
the European powers defended China and forced Japan to give Liaodong Peninsula
back.
The One Hundred days
of Reform is a program that the emperor Guang Xu wanted to make to modernize
the political and education system by following the Western model. But the
conservatives didn´t accept that program because they did not want to be like
the West. And decided to put the emperor in prison.
In the 1890´s, SunYat-sen
formed the Revive China Society. He wanted to create a new government by
thinking the Qing dynasty was declining.
SunYat-sen developed a
military takeover, as a preparation for people for the democratic rule and
establishment of constitutional democracy.
In 1899 China opened their
market to all the nations, with this, the economy in China grew because they
were making new relations and trading’s helped all the nation to have a more open country.
SunYat-sen
India
In the 19th century the influence of British in
India started to be seen from the trading’s they made, to the military control,
and the exploitation of natural resources. Right after the Mogul loose rulers
lost power.
Britain started to colonize firstly hiring Indian soldiers
(sepoys), exploiting natural resources, forcing them to open new ports, etc.
The revolt against them started because of a rumor that was
completely against the believes of the Indian’s religion that was Hinduism.
The movement started with violence and no mercy, women and
children and men were killed.
Unfortunately, the movement ended with defeat, the British
power set a viceroy controlling Indians, this actually gave stability,
education, and health care but at the same time killed 30 million people, which
led Indians to rebel, and later on adopting nationalism.
Many new great aspects came from the nationalism, new representatives,
and the creation of new leagues.
The Meiji took the land of
nobles and gave it to the peasants. However, peasants were charged a 3% annual
tax on value of the land. This forced them to sell land back to the nobles.
References:
In the early 18th century India became a major
player in the world exporter marketing of principally textiles like silk, and
the cotton production, this brought employment and a better international image, right after Imperialism ruled the South of Asia. Infrastructure increased
simultaneously.
In politics just in 1850 a bureaucratic
military adept maintained law and order, this
led to a reduction in fiscal overheads, leaving a larger share of national
product available to the British while simultaneously stripping self-governance
rights and natural products from the Indian people.
India map
Japan
In the beginning of 1800s there was the Isolationist policy
they had the belief that a country shouldn’t be involved with others.
In 1853 Tokugawa Shogunate, that was a
feudal Japanese military government agreed to:
Open 2 Japanese ports to
traders, with this the economy and relationships grew, also the establishment
of US consulate.
In 1858 a new treaty asked for more ports with this Japan
had to trade with Europe.
The Shogun system was destroyed in 1868 because of the Samurai
in Satsuma and Choshu that formed the Sat-Cho alliance, they asked Shogun government
to end relations but refused and were attacked by Sat-Cho.
Meiji gave subsidies to
developing industries like tea, silk, weapons, shipbuilding.
A lot of changes were made, the
democracy grew and let people be more free to take decisions, for example, women
could go to school, the
privileges for aristocrats were abolished and the culture expand
by taking Western fashion.
Tokugawa Shogunate
Japan Map
World map
References:
University of Texas at Austin. From the Cambridge Modern History Atlas, (1912) Retrieved 26/10/15 http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/asia_19th.htm
Columbia University. (2009). Introduction to China´s
modern history. 30-10-2015, de Columbia University Sitio web: http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/china_modern_timeline.htm
La web de la historia. (2009). Historia de China en el siglo XIX.
30-10-15, de Histórico digital Sitio web: http://historicodigital.com/historia-de-china-en-el-siglo-xix.html
Clingingsmith, David and Jeffrey G. Williamson.
”De-Industrialization in 18th and 19th Century India: Mughal Decline, Climate
Shocks and British Industrial Ascent.” Explorations in Economic History 45, 3
(July 2008): 209-234. http://www.nber.org/papers/w11730
Jeremy Bradley. (2001). British Imperialism
and Its Effect on Indian Politics. 1/11/15, de synonym Sitio web: http://classroom.synonym.com/british-imperialism-its-effect-indian-politics-8387.html
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